Preventing STDs
We
need to remind ourselves that STDs are preventable. Effective
prevention should include both individual education and
population-based approaches. Whether the education consists of a
one-on-one dialogue, classroom-style lecturing, or mass-media
dissemination, it enables individuals to make informed decisions
and protect themselves from these diseases by changing risky
behaviors. Good STD-prevention education needs to include several
vital components.
Knowledge
of the disease, conveying the mode of transmission, the symptoms,
and the treatment. It is important to note that disappearance of the
symptoms does not mean that the disease has been cured and cannot be
transmitted to others. Also, many STDs are transmitted in ways
other than sexual intercourse.
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Abstinence-based
education, which emphasizes that the safest way to avoid contracting an
STD is not to engage in sexual activity outside of a mutually faithful
relationship. Remember, it is impossible to tell if a person is disease
free by simply looking at him or her, and a potential
partner may be symptom free but still harbor an infection.
The understanding
that while certain STDs are curable, others are not. The problem is
complicated by the emergence of strains of pathogenic microbes that are
resistant to antibiotics.
The knowledge that
it is safest for both partners to be tested for all STDs before having
sex, regardless of whether they plan on using "barrier methods" such as
condoms or dental dams.
Stressing the
importance of maintaining a monogamous relationship once the partners have
been tested.
Education about the dangers of intravenous drug use
and needle sharing.
In addition to education and counseling, critical
components of population-based prevention and control include: (1)
screening high-risk populations for prevalent STDs; (2) treating
individuals with diagnosed and probable infections; and (3) reporting STD
cases to the Health Department.
These approaches are extremely important for many
reasons. Foremost is the health and well-being of the population. Better
knowledge about STDs will reduce their transmission and result in fewer
people becoming infected. In addition, screening and knowledge about
risks and symptoms will reduce the degree of long-term damage to
infected individuals.
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